出牙期
一、宝宝什么时候开始长牙呢？
大部分婴儿在4到7个月龄时开始长第一颗牙。发育早的孩子3个月时开始长牙，发育慢的孩子可能要一岁甚至更晚。（极少情况下，宝宝出生时就长了第一颗牙。）当第一颗牙齿长出时，拍照、记婴儿日记以庆祝这具有里程碑的意义的事情。
.当宝宝在您的子宫里时，牙齿就已经开始长了，当齿牙形成牙龈，到牙齿冒出来需要数月时间，一般长牙顺序是：先长下排中间的两颗牙，再长上排中间的两颗牙，然后沿两侧到里面，当然也有例外情况。这些牙长出来可能不全是正的，但不要担心，通常过段时间牙会长正。
最后的牙齿在宝宝两周岁时冒出来（第二颗臼牙，即长在口腔里面的顶部和底部，一般在宝宝两岁时冒出来）。当宝宝3岁时，应该拥有一副完整的20颗乳牙，直到6岁左右才开始换牙。
二、宝宝出牙时会表现出什么症状？
关于出牙是否导致以下症状——如烦躁，腹泻，发烧，或者这些常见的症状只是与长牙巧合，与出牙并无多大关系，专家们意见并不统一。无论如何，许多父母认为宝宝长牙时有各种不适（虽然有些婴儿长牙过程没有任何问题）。这些症状最有可能用到牙胶，包括：
•流口水（可导致面部湿疹）
•牙龈肿胀和过敏
•烦躁、哭闹
•咬行为
•拒绝进食
•睡眠问题
虽然许多家长反映：一颗新牙齿出来时，婴儿大便松散，流鼻涕，或发烧，大多数专家认为这些症状不归咎于出牙。威廉·希尔斯，是一名儿科医生，《婴儿指南》的作者。希尔斯认为，长牙初期可引起腹泻和轻度尿布疹，他认为，牙龈发炎，能导致低烧（101摄氏度）。
另一方面，儿童发展专家佩内洛普·奇断言，长牙不会引起发烧，腹泻，呕吐，食欲不振。著名儿科医生特贝里布拉泽说这种症状可能是由于细菌感染，与长牙无关，新牙齿时，免疫力下降时，会使宝宝更易于感染。
专家们达成共识的一个事实是：如果宝宝有上述症状，或直肠温度为101华氏度或更高（100.4度或更高的婴儿年龄小于3个月），您应该打电话给孩子的医生。医生可以确定是否宝宝出现症状，是否需要医治，如耳朵感染。如果宝宝大便松散，但不腹泻，就别担心。小宝宝会自动调节好身体。
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英文原文
Teething
When will my baby start getting teeth?
The vast majority of babies sprout their first teeth when they're between 4 and 7 months of age. An early developer may get his first white cap as early as 3 months, while a late bloomer may have to wait until he's a year old or more. (In rare cases, a baby's first tooth is already visible at birth.) Whenever the first tooth makes its appearance, celebrate the milestone by taking pictures and noting the date in your child's baby book.
Teeth actually start developing while your baby's in the womb, when tooth buds form in the gums. Teeth break through one at a time over a period of months, and often — but not always — in this order: First the bottom two middle teeth, then the top two middle ones, then the ones along the sides and back. They may not all come in straight, but don't worry — they usually straighten out over time
The last teeth to appear (the second molars, found in the very back of the mouth on the top and bottom) have usually begun coming into place by your baby's second birthday. By age 3, your child should have a full set of 20 baby teeth, which shouldn't fall out until his permanent teeth are ready to start coming in, around age 6.
What teething symptoms will my baby experience?
Experts disagree about whether teething actually causes symptoms — like fussiness, diarrhea, and fever — or whether these common symptoms are not related to teething at all and just coincidentally appear at the same time as emerging teeth. Regardless, many parents maintain that their teething babies do experience discomfort (though some babies get through the process with no problems at all). The symptoms most likely to trouble a teether include:
· Drooling (which can lead to a facial rash)
· Gum swelling and sensitivity
· Irritability or fussiness
· Biting behavior
· Refusing food
· Sleep problems
Though many parents report that their babies have loose stools, runny noses, or a fever just before a new tooth arrives, most experts don't think teething is to blame for these symptoms. One who does is William Sears, pediatrician and author of The Baby Book. Sears believes that teething can cause diarrhea and a mild diaper rash because your baby's excessive saliva ends up in his gut and loosens his stools. Inflammation in the gums, he thinks, may cause a low fever (under 101 degrees Fahrenheit).
On the other hand, child development experts such as Penelope Leach assert that teething cannot cause fever, diarrhea, vomiting, or loss of appetite and that these are signs of illness that should be checked out. Noted pediatrician T. Berry Brazelton says such symptoms are probably due to an infection unrelated to teething, but that the stress associated with teething could make your child more vulnerable to infection right before a new tooth appears.
The one thing experts agree on is that you should call your child's doctor if your baby has symptoms that worry you or a rectal temperature of 101 degrees F or higher (100.4 degrees F or higher for babies younger than 3 months). The doctor can help determine whether your baby is showing signs of a problem that needs medical attention, like an ear infection. If your baby has loose stools — but not diarrhea — don't worry. The condition will clear up on its own.
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