先天性黑色素细胞痣通常会表现出很多种颜色，需要仔细检查它的变化。

概述

胎记（先天性黑色素细胞痣，简称CMN）是一种出生时就带有的或者在出生后短期时间内迅速形成的胎块。先天性黑色素痣是胎记中常见的一种，是由皮肤上或者有时是在更深层的组织中集群的颜色细胞（色素）形成的。

所有的胎记都有2~5％的几率会变成带有癌症性质的（恶性）痣，这个就是俗称的黑色素瘤。在长有巨大（长度超过20cm或者大概有8英尺）的黑色素痣的儿童身上，这样的危险产生的几率会更高。

大部分长在头顶或者是脊椎上的痣可能很少会有神经系统上的问题。

哪些人会有胎记？

大部分的宝宝生下来是没有痣的，但是随着年龄的增长和阳光的暴晒，逐渐的就会长出痣出来。先天性的意思就是生下来就带有的，这种情况一般出现在1~2％的新生儿身上，而且不会因为种族或者性别产生差异。

标志和症状

先天性黑色素细胞痣是棕色或者黑色的，通常呈现点状或者是斑块，有的是一生下来就有的，有的则是在1岁以前迅速形成的。这些黑色素痣通常是单个的，但是会有很多种形状：长度大约在1~20cm之间（局部或者病变到全身都是）

最常见的产生胎记的部位在臀部、大腿和躯干，但是病变的胎记可能会在脸上和四肢上，此外，不常见的也有长在手掌、脚底和头皮上。

这些痣厚度、颜色和毛发的改变会发生在童年时期以及青春期。在之后的成人阶段，这些痣可能会颜色变浅到成为浅棕色。

自我护理指南

不需要特意去动它，但是如果是为了好看，可以穿上防晒服（在一岁以后涂抹防晒霜）或者通过化妆来覆盖住胎记。

什么时候需要寻求医疗护理

任何有胎记的宝宝都应该至少经过一个医生的检查。如果医生只是建议观察，看整个一生中胎记形状、大小、颜色以及其他表面的（平坦的地方变得更加突出）变化（而不只是童年时期的缓慢增长）

治疗：咨询师会给到你意见

如果你怀疑有恶性演变的胎记，你可以去做个皮肤活检。

小到中型的先天性黑色素细胞痣（长小于20cm或者小于8英尺）通常会建议观察而不是手术切除。此外，观察痣的变化，你可以通过照片的形式来记录和跟踪痣的潜在变化。

如果你要求靓丽的外表，那么找皮肤科咨询师、医生甚至是整形外科医生的帮助来切除痣是必要的。

理论上说，通过手术切除大面积的先天性黑色素细胞痣（超过20cm）可以减少癌变的几率，尽管有时候切除是不可能的，因为如果痣很多或者长在头部以及脊椎上，专家会建议你先去咨询下神经科的医生。

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Overview
A birthmark (congenital melanocytic nevus, CMN) is a mole that is present at birth or shortly thereafter. A congenital melanocytic nevus is one common type of birthmark, caused by a cluster of color (pigment) cells in the skin and sometimes in deeper tissues.

All birthmarks have a 2–5% lifetime risk of turning into a cancerous (malignant) mole, which is called melanoma. This risk is higher in children who have a giant (larger than 20 cm, or about 8 inches) congenital melanocytic nevus.

Large moles on the head or spine may rarely have associated nervous system problems.

Who's At Risk
Most babies are born without moles but will gradually acquire them with age and sun exposure. Congenital, meaning "born with," moles are seen in about 1–2% of births. There is no racial or gender difference in occurrence.

Signs and Symptoms
Congenital melanocytic nevi are brown or black, usually raised spots or patches, that are present at birth or shortly after (before 1 year). They are usually single but can be multiple and range in size greater than 1 cm to less than 20 cm (bathing suit or garment lesions cover large sections of the body). Smaller, so-called, satellite lesions are sometimes associated with large lesions.

The most common locations for these birthmarks are the buttocks, thighs, and trunk, but lesions may occur on the face and extremities, and, least commonly, on the palms, soles, and scalp.

Changes in thickness, color, and hair content occur through childhood and adolescence. In later adult years, they may actually fade in color to a lighter brown.

Self-Care Guidelines
No activity or other restrictions are needed. However, use sun protection clothing (and sunblock after age 1) and make-up coverage, if desired for cosmetic reasons.

When to Seek Medical Care
Any baby with a birthmark should have it checked by at least one doctor. If the doctor recommends only observation, watch it lifelong for any change in size (other than slow growth with the child), shape, or color and for any change in the surface (flat areas that become more raised).

Treatments Your Provider May Prescribe
A skin biopsy may be done if there is suspicion of malignant change to the birthmark.

Small- to medium-size congenital melanocytic nevi (less than 20 cm, or about 8 inches) are often watched rather than removed surgically. In addition to observing the mole for any changes, photographs may be taken to document and follow potential changes in the mole.

Consultation and management by a dermatologist with further consultation to the plastic surgeon may be necessary. Removal may be desired for cosmetic reasons.

Ideally, giant congenital melanocytic nevi (greater than 20 cm) are removed surgically to reduce the risk of malignant change, although this is not always possible. If the moles are numerous or involve the head or spine, consultation with a neurologist may be suggested.